Saturday, February 26, 2011

Traveling with a knife; 칼을 품고 여행하는 사나이


Cooking has long been my passion. Growing up in rural Korea on a farm, I had to make a tough choice between farm work & helping out in the kitchen. There was no third option like playing Nintendo or watching TV. As the youngest of 7 siblings, I was required to help out somehow. I chose the kitchen option as I had a terrible phobia against snakes. It didn't matter it they were poisonous or not. I just couldn't bear the sight of it. If I did, I would freeze, and go into a full-blown instant panic. I was young, only five, barely able to carry my hand-me-down pink backpack (I know, I still have nightmares about that). Ahh! All the teasing, all the bullying, I thought I was over it.
Anyway, back to the kitchen. Times were different back then, kitchens were women's  domain. It simply was not a place for a boy or none of the male members of the family for that matter. On the other hand, many renowned chefs were mostly male in professional kitchens. Also, there was  an obvious glass sealing in professional opportunities for female chefs in this setting. It seems as though things have changed quite a lot since then. Today, cooking has become a national pass-time, as well as an obsession in many families. Gender distinction doesn't seem to occur in home kitchens any more. In fact, many young people-both genders seem to romanticize a life as a chef. Might as well, it does come with lucrative rewards for the ones who succeed.
Home kitchens had long been a territory where maternal linage has took deep root. Often were the teases from my brothers regarding my stint as a kitchen helper. My brothers used to say, "If you keep this up, your family treasure will fall off". Thankfully, those days are long gone. There is now equality in professional kitchens as well in home kitchens.
Well, my rude introduction into the kitchen as a child has set me up for a life-long journey into delicious world of food. The skills I had acquired became handy during my college years when I financed my studies partially with catering income. Out of necessity, I had to specialize in small sit down dinners in people's homes. Thank God for those professors, and wealthy doctors. One thing I had to learn quickly as a traveling cook was finding my way around in strangers' kitchen. I did multi-course meals, giving each course exotic names from far-away places. This humble tradition continued, even when I stopped the catering gigs. With new-found freedom after years of studies, I travelled, I ate, & I cooked.
I travel with kitchen knife. Weird, I know. If I am staying over night somewhere, there will be some kind of food prepared by me. All my friends & family members scattered in three continents were routinely subjected to my culinary assaults, experiments, and delights. I thank them for letting me indulge in my culinary inspirations. Like many people who love to cook, I feel the rush when I watch people come together, sitting around the table, opening up to share my food, their emotions, their happiness. I usually sit there & just watch; their smiles, their chatters, their lip smacking, their compliments. We are a family again, as if no time has passed, & as if no distance ever existed. And I think to myself, "this is what it's all about".
My Gracious friends in Northern Germany. Beautiful land, Beautiful food, Beautiful  people.

Sunday, February 20, 2011

"When your food stares back at you" 파란눈으로 보는 한국 생선의 측은한 눈길


In dining with friends who are not familiar with Korean food, I am often asked about the eyes. I mean "the eyes", as in "Here's looking at you, baby" kind of eyes. They invariably would tell me that eyes or head left on the fish, bother them. It does decrease their enjoyment, they would say. Perhaps, their aversion may ameliorate, if they heard the whole fish tale. In many Asian culinary traditions, preserving or re-creating of the former living self of the fish has been a necessary part of culinary training as well as a showcase of the chef's skill. Every part of the fish is always used in preparation of the dish. A hwe (sashimi; thinly sliced raw fish) plate is prepared fresh, using the fish the customer just chose from the large aquarium. The fish is, then, prepared with minimal preparation; filleted, & skillfully paper-thin sliced. The hwe slices are artfully arranged back on the fish carcass & presented on a porcelain plate on a mound of thinly sliced fresh radish. This beautifully presented dish is presented with a spicy dipping sauce; wasabe-based, soy sauce-based, or gochoojang-based. Since the customer just paid a large sum of money to ensure the fish's freshness, he or she would like to have what they had paid for. Hence, the use of the remainder of the fish on the plate as a "CSI" identification purposes. Sometimes, you can even see the fish's muscle still twitching. It is that fresh. Now, I understand that this is a bit bizarre to many western eyes, but for cultures where fish has been a large part of their diet, it is understandable that different sets of standards develop. Remaining carcass is not discarded, of course. Rather, it is made into a delectable spicy or non-spicy stew/soup on the spot. In fish markets, it is customary that customers get the fish head along with the main part of the fish when the fish manger guts, cleans, & quarters the fish. There are also more esoteric recipes specifically created for fish heads; most commonly that cod fish. Koreans believe that every part of the fish has its own flavor and texture, even the head. Surprisingly it does, it does have slightly distinctive taste & the cheek meat is delightful. When I eat cod eye balls in front of my western friends, they invariably cringe at the sight. But it is not quite like Bear Grylls eating raw eyeballs from a dead wild ram carcass for survival (if you ever watch Man vs Wild on Discovery).  For Korean food, it is a matter of frugality, practicality, & culinary creativity. As for those mini eyes of the dry anchovies, you are on your own. Taste it, you may like it. For the record, the eyes are not gazing into your beautiful sympathetic eyes. The last thing they saw was a day in the school, admiring the hind pins of this hot new fish in the school. Thank them for letting us nourish our bodies & we move on.
*CSI=Cut Sashimi Investigation.

메뉴쓰기

메뉴쓰기
  • 피할 수 있으면 피해야 할 단어들
  • 상큼한 형용사들
  • 요리방법 표기
  • 식재료 표기

"How to enjoy Korean food" Taste

"How to enjoy Korean food" Texture

If I were told to pick one & only one unique aspect of the sensual experience that is Korean food. I would probably say texture. It is not just texture in a traditional & ubiquitous sense of the word as found in the western culinary training. Texture as in elastic. One rarely finds elastic foods in western savory dishes. It is not so in Korean menus. Take Naeng-Myun for instance. Naeng-Myun literally means cold (naeng) noodles (myun). An interesting eating utensil that one always finds with Nang-Myun is a pair of sharp scissors. The server would ask politely, "would you like the noodle chopped?" And to this question, most would nod with an enthusiastic approval. Naeng-Myun truly is an exotic experience. I recommend that you try to eat the noodles initially without the aid of the scissors. With one successful swallow of the first yarns of NaengMyun, you will have a pretty good idea how a novice sword swallower may feel. The group of whole strands will be traveling in unison though your upper digestive tract. The front of the strands will have already passed your epi-gastric sphincter while the tail ends are still enjoying the cavernous scenery in the pharynx, titillating or even tickling the innocent uvula. By now, you will think, "Ok, I will use the scissors, after all." If the noodle kitchen was one of those less visited stringy smaller islands in Galapagos, the noodle genome would probably have selected Naeng-Myun as the fittest of them all. That is if on this island, gluten is the ultimate genetic trophy. Similar pursuit of elasticity, using gluten has occurred in many global culinary history; the concept of "Al-dente" for an example. There are as many attributes in noodle textures as there are types of noodles in the world. The  most common denominator has been the texture (firmness or elasticity, if you will). There are various ways to make the noodle firm. Most common are selection of flour or flours; various high gluten flours or combination of flours. Once the flour is selected, there are other methods that can amplify the texture/elasticity; use of alkali/base water, addition of protein (eggs), mechanical effect of kneading, & use of pressure extrusion instruments or machines. Nang-Myun uses buckwheat as the basis. Buckwheat by itself doesn't contain enough of the needed gluten. Therefore, the recipe requires addition of starch (traditionally potato starch or sweet potato starch). This mixture is made into a dough & vigorously kneaded. Then it is extruded from a highly pressurized extrusion noodle machine often directly into boiling water. In the US market most restaurants use fresh frozen form of these extrusion noodles. There are also recipes that use only buckwheet flour. This formulation must be made using extrusion method. It is softer & than ones made from the combination dough. Nang-Myuns are categorizes largely in four categories; one with cold clarified beef broth, one with spicy sauce without the broth, one with sweet & spicy raw fish toppings, and finally one with water kimchi (Dong-chi-mi, Yulmoo-kim-chi) juice. The original form of this noodle recipes developed in the north, in today's north Korea. Hence, the dependence on buckwheat & potato starch. These plants can grow in cold mountainous climate of north Korea. It was typically enjoyed in the thick of winter, shut in by the snow, toasting one's body on the heavily heated floor. It was served with frozen broth shavings or in heavily chilled broth & simple topping. Toppings in this traditional north korean recipe included spicy raw sting ray & thin slices of simple radish kimch. Sting ray or skate was a low market value fish & was affordable for many households. This eating method is akin to indulging in a tub of ice cream in the dead of winter, toasting by an open fire, listening to crackling of the burning log, and safely warm in the arms of a loved one. Perverse gustatory pleasures, perhaps, but it is so deliciously decadent in so many levels. So, go ahead chew on that noodle, if you can. I dare you.

"How to enjoy Korean food" Temperature

"How to enjoy Korean food" Sight

"How to enjoy Korean food" Sound

"How to enjoy Korean food" Aroma

"How to enjoy Korean food" Participation

Do you sing in the shower? Do you ever wish you were Beyonce or Bieber? Well, your wishes will come true in a Korean Karaoke. Singing is not your thing. How about eating. Enjoying Korean food is a bit like singing in Karaoke. You get to participate. Korean BBQ is based in large part on eater-participation. You will be sitting around a heat source, over which one of the various creatively designed Korean BBQ grill/griddle will be sitting. In the traditional sense, BBQs were made on wood charcoal fire. In recent decades, they have mostly evolved into gas heated grills. For certain, in the US market, the majority of Korean BBQ places offer gas grills. In Korea, the more authentic wood charcoal grill places still abound. There is an intermediary form, though. It is called "Yontahn". It is processed coal (the mineral kind), made usually in a cylinder shape with vertical holes in radiating circles. This fuel has claimed many Korean lives. At times, even entire families scummed to carbon monoxide poisoning. Yet, many people in Yontahn generation view the past with nostalgia, creating a niche market for Yontahn BBQs, but I digress. We were talking participation. Yes, you get to cook your own food. Traditionally, Korean BBQs were attended by waiters or waitresses during the entire dinner, cooking, cutting & serving the meat. Restaurants took pride in this type attentive service. Times have changed & cost of labor has gone up; rightly so. For the most part, people's minds have also changed to a more participatory, utilitarian, democratic type of eating. In the western markets, BBQs are initially tended by the waiting staff. Then, once you get the hang of it, they leave the tongue in your trusty charge. They will consistently check & change the BBQ grills. Unchanged, grills can burn on the surface from the caramelization of protein, carbohydrate, and seasoning. This can leave burned bitter taste. So, smile at your server & point at the grill. Before you know, you will be gliding your tasty bulgogie morsels on a shiny sleek surface of the new grill. There is something fundamental, something primitive, something of reptilian brain in this BBQ thing. As you tenderly turn your raw marinated bulgogi to its grilled perfection, you feel good inside, to the pit of your stomach, I mean, literally. You are transformed into a hunter & a gather-n-eater. Eating is fun in a smoke-filled BBQ room teaming with competing senses; smoke, aromas, sizzles, pops, happy laughters, boisterous celebrations. Life, truly, is good in a Korean BBQ. While Korean BBQ is the most prominent participatory eating, there are certainly other items on the menu that require eater-participation. Take Korean stews (Jeon-gol) for instance. Jeon-gol is served par-boiled with all the fresh ingredients elegantly arranged in a large hot pot. The waiting staff initially gets the stew going, then, you get to participate; stirring, mixing, tasting, and serving. HHOW FUN! So, HAVE FUN!

생선구이 Saeng-suhn goo-yi (pan-seared fish)

생선구이 Saeng-suhn goo-yee (pan-seared fish)
  • 고등어구이 & 된장찌개 Goh-deung-uh Goo-yi & Dwen-jang Tsi-gae; experience the omega-3 miracle with pan-seared mackerel; served with Dwen-jang Tsi-gae (small serving of simpler version of Korean miso soup)
  • 삼치구이 & 된장찌개 Sahm-chi Goo-yi & Dwen-jang Tsi-gae;experience the omega-3 miracle with pan-seared spotted mackerel; served with Dwen-jang Tsi-gae (small serving of simpler version of Korean miso soup) 

Holy Mackerel! The mackerel debate.
  • 고등어; Scomber japonicus Houttuyn; common mackerel, chub mackerel
  • 삼치; Scomberomorus niphonius; spotted mackerel, Japanese mackerel, Spanish mackerel

고기 Korean BBQ

고기 Korean BBQ

  • 불고기 Bool-go-gi; traditional Bool-gogi; delightful thin sliced boneless rib eye steak marinated in delicate Bool-go-gi seasoning, cooked on the grill
  • 갈비 Gahl-bi; boneless bool-go-gi marinated short beef rib
  • 뼈갈비 Pyuh gahl-bi; bool-go-gi marinated short beef rib with rib bone intact
  • 갈비꽃살구이 Galbi koht-sal goo-yi; tender cut of prime rib
  • 혀구이 Hyuh goo-yee; tender beef tongue
  • 차돌박이구이Chah-dol-bahk-yi goo-yi; thinly sliced delicate natural prime brisket with no marinade
  • 닭구이 Dahk goo-yi; boneless delicate marinated chicken; mild
  • 불닭구이 Bool dahk goo-yi; boneless spicy marinated chicken;spicy
  • 돼지구이 Dweh-Ji goo-yi; spicy marinated pork 
  • 불 돼지구이 Dweh-Ji goo-yi; spicy marinated pork
  • 표고버섯구이 Buh-suht goo-yi; shiitake mushroom with an assortment of vegetables, served with a special sauce; vegetarian BBQ
  • 야채구이 Ya-chae goo-yi; an assortment of vegetables, served with a special sauce; vegetarian BBQ
  • 새우구이 Sae-woo goo-yi; fresh shrimp with an assortment of vegetables, served with a special sauce
  • 관자구이 Gwan-Ja goo-yi; fresh scallop with an assortment of vegetables, served with a special sauce
  • 해물구이 Hae-mul goo-yi; an assortment of seafood & vegetables, served with a special sauce
  • 모듬구이 Moh-deum goo-yi (for minimum two persons); combination BBQ

찜 Tsim (steamed dishes)

Tsim; steamed dish made for minimum two persons due to extensive ingredients; served in mild or spicy sauce containing various vegetables & seasonings
  • 갈비찜 Gal-bi Tsim; steamed or braised beef short ribs, served in delightful sauce containing various vegetables & seasonings
  • 대구찜 Dae-goo Tsimsteamed fresh cod, served in spicy sauce containing various vegetables & seasonings
  • 아구찜 Ah-goo Tsim; steamed monk fish, served in spicy sauce containing various vegetables & seasonings

한식세계화 idea;  saute vs. stir-fry, Tsim
  • Saute 와 stir-fry
  • Tsim is a noun form of the verb "tsi-da", meaning "to steam". It is a two stage cooking method; steaming & simmering in the sauce for short time. This method of cooking is used, in general, for delicate protein items, such as found in fish of various types. Most common are cod, monk fish, belt fish, sole, etc. The same method can also be utilized for meat items such as chicken, beef short ribs. Meat items have much firmer protein structures. Therefore, the steaming stage takes longer. At times pressure cookers are also utilized to reduce the cooking/tenderizing time. Steaming these items can offer pleasant texture, & preserve delicate flavors. Some chefs include aromatic seasonings during the steaming process to embed fragrant aroma in the dish. Once steaming is completed, the namesake main ingredient is placed in a saucepan. It is left to simmer in the sauce preparation for a short time to marry the flavors, in case of fish items. On the other hand, it takes considerably longer time for beef short ribs.  The sauce preparation commonly includes cayenne, garlic, soy sauce. Mild forms include soy-sauce, rice wine, ginger, etc. The sauce is complemented by various vegetables. Soy bean sprouts are one of the most prominent ingredients in most spicy form of the recipe. 

"Suhl-leung Tang, What makes the broth milky? Is it milk?"

In the dish Suhl-leung Tang, What makes the broth milky? Is it milk?

Thank you for the question. The color comes from the stock. The milky (more like skim milk) appearance comes from the minerals that have leached out of the bone & bone marrow during long, sustained heat source to break down the bone matrices.  As you may know, stocks are in general made from cooking bones & remnant meat pieces on the surface. The Korean stock has had a long and even spiritual history. The stocks were often made in the past centuries in the context of "BoShin". "BoShin" literally means supplementing(Bo) the body (Shin). This may be another instance where culinary creativity & ingenuity comes to the rescue in meager pickings in the kitchen. Meat has always been the most prized & costly item in most traditional cultures. Due to its high cost, poor general populace could not afford to keep meat in their diet predictably. Often, eating of beef was an annual event while celebrations with pork possibly was a semi-annual activity. Frequently, it was a wedding, 100th day birthday, 1st year birth day, 60th day birthday, each decade mark thereafter, or funerals. Chicken was less costly & was more affordable monthly culinary affair. For the most part, in traditional non-aristocrat, non-royal Korean kitchens, vegetables, beans, in-season wild items (grasshopper, frog, wild game, birds), fish, and poultry provided protein/amino acid needs. In this economic & culinary circumstances, recipes were developed to use every part of the scarce animal. Hence, are, the less frequently seen fares such as head cheese, aspics, blood sausage, pigs feet, whole pig soup, blood clot soup, vertebrae stew, cooked or (rarely) raw inner organs. Less frequently, in farming areas, fresh liver, heart, or bile from organically farm grown animals were eaten dipped in simple dipping sauce made from sesame oil or coarse salt. This type of preparations were mostly for medicinal purposes.
Traditional oriental medicine providers have always had special reverence for food items. They regard food more like daily medicine & also assign various spiritual values in the context of chi, yin & yang . In this context, when serious general weakness or an illness strikes a family member, these families were often advised to purchase large cow bones & make milky stock to "BoShin". Illness in this sense was considered a tipping point when the body can no longer compensate for the lack of supply to the rigorous nutritional needs. This "BoShin" combined with bed rest, often did the trick. Families that achieved economic independence with hard work, would often incorporate this healing cuisine into their annual periodic culinary events. The stocks were made by applying constant high heat for an extended period of time, often for days. The resultant stock was rich, more like whole milk or even cream with emulsion resulting from this cooking method. The stock contained minerals (from the bone), fat (from the bone marrow) & protein/amino acids (from the meat). The BoShin stocks were served warm, simply with coarse sea salt & neatly-sliced fresh green onion garnish. This was often a welcome relief to a diet lacking animal proteins, minerals, & fats.
The restaurant version is much leaner with fat skimmed off. One can still see the simple approach, though, from the ways Suhl-leung Tang is still served. Simple with sea salt, green onion garnish, & Kak-doo-gi on the side. Kak-doo-gi is cubed spicy radish kimchi. For this pairing, Kak-doo-gi is served generally in a pleasantly fermented stage. The acidity serves as a sort of palate cleanser in between spoonfuls of richness. Nevertheless, Suhl-leung Tang has its own story to tell as well. It involves a king. So, stay tuned!
Anyhow, the tradition of BoShin concept still permeates the Korean culinary culture. Even today with economic affluence in the country, people are observed purchasing large pieces of bone as a gift to their aging parents or unwell family members for BoShin. However, Korean kitchen is in constant transition. Back, is the ingenuity that incorporated this poorly accommodating ingredient into its culinary repertoire. It is hard at work, making positive changes to accommodate needs in the time of bounty.

Saturday, February 19, 2011

전골 Jeon-Gol (large stew)

 전골 Jeon-gohl;  large spicy stew generally for two persons minimum due to extensive assortment of ingredients; spicy stew prepared with spicy broth in large paella pan-like stew pot; served hot on the table on portable stove


  • 곱창전골 Gop-chang Jeon-gohl;  spicy stew with  softened clean pig intestine & an assortment of vegetable; served hot in a large paella pan on portable stove
  • 해물전골 Hae-mul Jeon-Gohl; spicy stew with a refreshing assortment fresh seafood & vegetables; served hot in a large paella pan on portable stove
  • 김치만두전골 Kimchi Mandoo Jeon-gohl; spicy stew with kimchi, dumplings, pork & an assortment of vegetables; served hot in a large paella pan on portable stove

     


  •  해물전골 Hae-mul Jeon-Gohl; is a bit like bouillabaisse in its appearance & concept.
  • 양; tripe; 주의; 곱창전골은 tripe stew 가 아닙니다.
  • 곱창; intestine, entrails, gut; 곱창전골은 spicy stew with  softened, clean pig intestine & an assortment of vegetables

전 Jeon (Korean savory pancakes)

Jeon (small); lightly egg-washed & pan-fried savory items; served with a soy sauce based dipping sauce
  • 고기전 Gogi; lightly egg-washed & pan-fried Jeon with ground beef patties
  • 생선전 Saeng-sun; lightly egg-washed & pan-fried Jeon with fish fillets
  • 새우전 Sae-woo; lightly egg-washed & pan-fried Jeon with flattened shrimp
  • 고추전 Go-choo; lightly egg-washed & pan-fried Jeon with green cayenne pepper halves stuffed with ground beef, tofu
  • 모듬전 Mo-deum; combination plate of lightly egg-washed & pan-fried items
Jeon (large); savory wheat flour pan cake; served with a soy sauce-based dipping sauce

  • 해물파전 Hae-mul Pa-jeon; green onion pancake with an assortment of seafood toppings
  • 파전 Pa-jeon; green onion pancake; base pancake
  • 빈대떡 Bin Dae Dduk; mung bean pancake; fresh ground mung bean pancake with ground pork, bean sprouts, and kimchi toppings

  •  부추전 Boo-choo jeon; garlic chive pancake

한식세계화 idea;
  • 전 Jeon;  savory pan cake; 미국에서는 먼저 보편화 된 pan cake의유형으로 메뉴를 잡는 것이 미국인들이 이해하기에는 쉬울것 같음. 하지만 한 단어를 더 추가한다면 더욱더 깔끔한 이해를 추구할수 있지 않을까요? Savory pan cake. 식품의 극과 극은 단 것과 달지 않은 것. 미국의 pan cake 아침식사로 먹는 아주 달콤한 거의 빵에 가까운 구조, 호떡처럼. 하지만 호떡과 달리 시럽이 표면에. 
  • Savory는 달지 않은음식을 대표하는 형용사
  • 전 Jeon; crepes; 이 와는 달리 구라파에서는 crepes가 더 가까운 단어인듯. crepes 는 밀전병처럼 얇지만, 크기는 여러배.그리고 그 용도도 다양해 디저트는 물론 메인 코스로도 사용이 비일비재. 프랑스 요리에서 사용하는 단어로 구라파에서는대부분의 국가들이 이 단어를 그대로 자국어화 시켜 사용함, 메뉴에서도.  불어단어임. 미국이나 캐나다에서도 외식을 자주하는 사람들이나, 유럽여행을 자주하는 분들에게는 이 단어의 사용이 전을 이해하는데 많이 도움이 될것임. 맛 촉감으로만 본다면 이 단어가 차라리 더 가까울지도. 
  • 그렇다고해도 결국은,이 두가지다익힌 밀가루 위에 어떤 다른 식재료를 얹어서 먹는 유형이라식재료가 밀가루반죽과 함께 익혀지는 전과는약간 상이.전 이라고 해도 세계의모든 사람들이이해할 그날까진savory pan cake 아님 crepes

    전채 Jeon Chae (appetisers)

    • 육회 Yook-Hwe; beef tartar delicately seasoned in sesame oil dressing, egg yolk garnish
    • 생선회Saeng-sun-hwe; thinly-sliced delicate fresh fish; chef's selection of Sashimi-style seasonally available fresh fish

    • 구절판; Goo Jeul Pan; thin Korean mini crepes with colorful array of delicately-prepared fillings; Julienned vegetables & mushroom, Julienned thinly fried eggs, Julienned bulgogi beef; served with sweet mustard sauce
    • 찐 풋 메주콩; 에다마메 Edamame; steamed fresh green soybeans in shell 

    • 군만두 Goon Mandoo;  pan fried Korean dumplings; mandoo (gyoza, dimsum) filled with ground beef or pork, cabbage, garlic chives, clear noodles, and tofu  
    • 김치만두 Kimchi Mandoo; steamed Kimchi dumplings; kimchi mandoo (gyoza, dimsum) filled with chopped kimchi, ground pork, clear noodles, and tofu
    • 잡채 Jap Chae; stir fried clear spagetti-shaped noodles with shredded beef and various vegetables 

    찌개/지리/탕 Tsi-gae/Ji-ri/Tang (stew served in a hot pot)


    • 대구매운탕 Dae-goo Mae Un Tang; fresh & spicy codfish stew with an assortment of vegetables and tofu; severed in a hot pot

    • 대구지리 Daegoo Jiri;  Dae-goo Mae Un Tang minus the hot spices; with delicate clear broth
    • 김치찌개 Kim-chi tsi-gae; spicy stew with gently matured kimchi; pieces of pork, chewy rice cake slices, and tofu; served in a hot pot
    • 된장찌개(멸치+해물) Dwen-jang tsi-gae; doen-jang(miso) stew with baby green squash, radish, and tofu slices; fish-stock based-achovy stock; clams, mussels; served in a hot pot
    • 된장찌개(소고기) Dwen-jang tsi-gae; doen-jang(miso) stew with baby green squash, radish, beef, and tofu slices; beef broth-based ; served in a hot pot
    • 된장찌개(채식) Dwen-jang tsi-gae; doen-jang(miso) stew with baby green squash, radish, and tofu slices; vegetarian ; served in a hot pot
    • 강된장 찌개 (된장 + 고추장) ; Gang Dwen-jang tsi-gae; doen-jang(miso) & hot pepper paste -based stew with baby green squash, radish, and tofu slices; meat or fish ; served in a hot pot
    • 순두부찌개 Soon Doo-boo tsi-gae; spicy, loose silky tofu stew with an assortment of seafood & pork; egg topping; served in a hot pot 

    • 순두부지리 Soon Tofu Jiri; Soon Dooboo tsi-gae without hot spices; delicate, loose silky tofu stew with an assortment of seafood & pork; egg topping; in clear broth served in a hot pot 

    식재료 Components: 
    • 두부; dooboo; soy protein curd; tofu
    • 된장; dwen-jang; fermented soybeen paste; miso
    • 고추장; go-choo-jang; cayenne pepper paste; spicy 
    한식세계화 idea; What is Kimchi ?
    • Kimchi/Gimchi is food preparation method. It involves lightly salting/wilting of vegetables initially, then adding other savory spices for hot or mild version of kimchi. Kimchi is most commonly made with cabbage or other vegetables, as long has the vegetable has enough fiber not to disintegrate after the initial wilting with salt. It is not quite pickling in a traditional sense, as it does not utilize vinegar.Rather, it utilizes controlled natural fermentation process. This method developed initially in the lack of modern refrigeration to prevent/reduce loss of vitamins, extend storage time & develop delectable unique flavors. This method has provided the Korean people with much needed vitamin C during harsh winters. The origin traces back many centuries. Kimchi is enjoyed at various stages of maturity, depending on personal preference or as the recipe requires. It can be eaten immediately after preparation as in (gut-jeol-yee) or, matured up to 2 years (mook-eun-ji). This storage has occur in an optimally controlled temperature. Out of this necessity, the creative minds of the Korean ancestors came up with the method of storing kimchi in large lidded clay jars buried in the ground. The earth maintains more predictable constant cool temperature during the winter months. A tatched, tepee-shaped hut used to be specially built each year to cover over the kimchi burials. This hut provided hygienic area, away from drifting snow, dust, dirt & inquisitive animals.kimchi can be prepared using almost any vegetables. It can easily be made vegetarian. Many original recipes were purely vegetarian. Kimchis are generally made with hot spices like cayenne pepper. However, there are also as many non-spicy recipes for different occasions, seasons, & medical needs. Some of the other seasonings include salt, garlic, ginger, green onion, carrots, chestnuts, ginkgo nuts, pine nuts, etc. The principal method requires three basic elements; the kimchi's namesake vegetable; seasonings, carbohydrate elements, & protein elements. Carbohydrate element can take the form of a pinch of sugar, cooked paste using one of the following substances; rice flour, wheat flour paste, or various starches such as potato or corn. This carbohydrate element contributes to the flavor and also greatly in controlling the natural fermentation process. The protein element is where some unexpected ingredients can enter. This element can be omitted if necessary. However, when added, the element can provide a worthy richness to the complex complete flavors of kimchi. It also provide a source for much needed amino acids. Protein elements can range anywhere from various seafood essences, to oyster, shrimp, squid, octopus, even raw meat (freshly, & properly processed of course). Small amount goes a long way. Protein is only a small part of kimchi.
    •  Kimch tsigae in general requires pleasantly fermented kimchi rather than fresh kimchi. It offers an acidic edge coming from the fermentation process. This refreshing acidic bite is rounded by the richness from pork  in the stew as it boils away in a clay pot or a dolsot. Kimchi tsigae is usually served piping hot so that it continues to bubble as it is served on the table, providing audio, visual, gustatory pleasure.

    국/개장/탕 Gook/ Gae-Jang/ Tang (soup as a main dish/soup as an entree)

    국/개장/탕 (Gook/Gae-Jang/ Tang; large soup as a main dish/soup as an entree): Served with a bowl of white rice & side dishes
    • 만두국 Mandoo Gook; delectable dumpling soup with beef, green onion, egg toppings;  beef broth-based
    • 떡국 Duhk Gook;  delightful chewy rice cake soup with beef, green onion, egg toppings; beef broth-based
    • 육개장 Yuk gae-Jang; spicy beef soup with green onion, various vegetables, egg drops,  pulled beef, and clear vermicelli noodles; beef broth-based; Central region style
    • 육개장 (산채) Yuk gae-Jang; spicy beef soup with green onion, various vegetables, dried wild vegetables,  egg drops,  pulled beef, and clear vermicelli noodles; beef broth-based; south east or mountain region style 
    • 닭개장 Dahk gae-Jang; spicy chicken soup with green onion slices, various vegetables, egg drops, dried wild vegetables, pulled chicken, and clear vermicelli noodles; chicken broth-based
    • 갈비탕 Gal-bi Tang; delicate clear beef soup with lean beef ribs, green onion, egg drop toppings, and clear vermicelli noodles; beef broth-based
    • 설렁탕 Suhl-leung Tang; delicate milky beef soup with lean beef, thinly slice tripe, and clear vermicelli noodles; chopped green onion & sea salt on the side; beef stock-based
    • 우거지갈비탕(얼큰) Wooguji Gal-bi Tang; spicy beef vegetable soup with bokchoi cabbage greens, lean beef ribs, green onion, & seasonings; beef broth-based

    • 우거지갈비탕(된장) Woo-gue-ji Gal-bi Tang; savory vegetable beef soup with bokchoi cabbage greens, lean beef ribs, green onion, & seasonings; miso (soybean paste)-based

    • 미역국 MiYeok Gook: delicate beef seaweed soup; beef broth-based

    *식재료;  Components
    • 만두; mandoo is dumpling/gyoza/dimsum with meat, tofu & vegetable filling.
    • 떡; duhk is thin slice of chewy cylinder-shaped rice cake.  

    • 우거지;Bokchoi greens/leaves
    • 시레기; dried radish greens, turnip greens
    • 양; tripe; 주의; 곱창전골은 tripe stew 가 아닙니다.
    • 곱창; intestine, entrails, gut; 곱창전골은 spicy stew with  softened pig intestine & an assortment of vegetables
    • 간하다; season, seasonings (cayenne pepper/spicy red pepper, garlic, green onion, black pepper, salt or soy sauce, a touch of ginger)
    *한식세계화 idea; Healthy Flavorful Korean soups!
    • 육개장과 고추기름 (chili oil); 웰빙에 신경써는 외국인들은 육계장에 가미하는 고추기름을 고기에서 나오는 동물성 지방으로 오해하는 경우가 많다. 이를 감안해, 써빙진들이 이 사실을 잘 설명하도록 교육한다면, 건강에 신경쓰는 계층들의 첫 한식경험을 보다 산뜻하게 도울 수 있지않을까?
    • Yuk gae-jang & chili oil; Beautiful shimmering red you see on the surface of Yuk gae-jang is not what you may think it is. Korean soups are made from healthy lean stock or broth with all the fat skimmed off, already in the preparation stage. The beautiful red shimmer comes from the chili oil dashed over the soup for an excitingly spicy, yet con-currently rich mouth-feel. Chili oil is made from vegetable oil/sesame oil & cayenne pepper low-heat infusion. 

    전채-튀김 Twi-gim (crunchy deep fried appetizers)

    튀김 Twi-gim; deep-fried crunchy appetizers (tempura-style), served with soy sauce-based dipping sauce

    • 새우튀김 Sae-woo Twi-gim; fried shrimp
    • 오징어 튀김 Oh-jing-uh Twi-gim; crunch deep-fried squid
    • 한치튀김 Han-chi Twi-gim; crunch deep-fried calamari
    •  갑오징어튀김 Gahp-oh-jing-uh Twi-gim; crunch deep-fried cuttle fish
    • 야채튀김 Ya-chae Twi-gim ; an assortment of cruch tempura-style vegetables  

      영어메뉴 샘플

      고객 여러분 안내 말씀
      • Transliteration; 한글의 영어식표기는예상만큼 쉽지만은 않은 일입니다. 공식적 표기기준이 있지만영어를 사용하는나라, 또 한나라에 있어서도, 지역별 그리고 영어사용자의 어학상식 수준에 따라 조금씩 차이가 있습니다. 이 점을 감안해 영어발음 표기는 미국 중부를 기준으로 고등학교 졸업자 이상을 기준치로 사용하였습니다. 
      • Translation; 영어 번역은 최대한 사실대로 식재료, 조리방법을 포함하였습니다. 미국 요식업계를 기준으로 본다면, 미국은 다민족, 다종교국가, 그리고 소송이 빈번한 사회인 관계로 대부분 많은 내용을 짧을 메뉴에 포함시켜 오해를 방지하는데 중점을 두었습니다. 피할 수 있는 오해를 방지한다면, 그 고객님은 자기가 상상했던 음식을 기대했던데로 실망이나 거리낌없이 음미하게 되고. 다시 식당을 찿는, 또 나아가서는 우리의 아름다운 음식을 이웃들에게 전하는 한국음식 세계화의 일원이 되지 않을까요? 다종교, 다신교의 합중국이라는 특성으로 음식 재료에 있어 재약이 있는 종교들이 많으데요, 회교, 유태교, 힌두교, 불교등의 종교를 가지신 분들은 대부분 메뉴에 의존해, 먹을 수 있는 음식들을 구분하는데 신경을 기울입니다. 수많은 인종들이 모여사는 이사회, 개인적인 알레르기에 대해서 조심하시는 분도 물론 많습니다. 메뉴번역 재미는 있지만 까다롭기도 합니다. 
      • Reference; 미국/구라파 시장을 감안해, 우리의 한국음식 보다, 빨리 세계화를 한 국가들에서 많이 알려진 조리 방법, 그리고 비슷한 음식들이 있을 경우, 그들의 잘 알려진 요리이름들을 참조로 사용한 경우도 드물지 않습니다. 외국인들이 한국메뉴를 이해하는데 도움이 된다면이들의 사용은 한국음식을 서술하는데 큰 도움이 된다고 봅니다. 
      • Adjectives; 형용사의 선택에 있어 긍적정인 그리고 웰빙의이미지를 줄 수 있는 단어들을 중점적으로 선택합니다. 
      • 의문사항이나 번역필요사항 있으시면 이 블로그의 대글란이나 이 메일로 연락해주십시요. 이메일; koreanmenus@gmail.com
      • 번역에 계제된 내용 참조에 있어, 특이하거나 독창적인 식재료를 사용하시는 분들의 메뉴는 번역되어 있는 아이템들과 상이할 수 있으니 개인적으로 저에게 알려주셔야합니다.
      • 물론, 계제된 번역들은 마음껏 퍼가십시요. 모두 직접 한 것이니까요. 
      • 개선사항도 충고해 주시면 참고하겠습니다.
      "I also enjoy kimchi, but only if there are no fish in it. I do not like anchovies, shrimp, oysters, etc. Can kimchi be made without the use of fish or seafood? What ingredients should be used in kimchi? What are some of the regional variations in kimchi recipes? Is beef ever used in kimchi? Can you make kimchi without cayenne pepper?"

      • Kimchi/Gimchi is food preparation method. It involves lightly salting/wilting of vegetables initially, then adding other savory spices for hot or mild version of kimchi. Kimchi is most commonly made with cabbage or other vegetables, as long has the vegetable has enough fiber not to disintegrate after the initial wilting with salt. It is not quite pickling in a traditional sense, as it does not utilize vinegar.Rather, it utilizes controlled natural fermentation process. This method developed initially in the lack of modern refrigeration to prevent/reduce loss of vitamins, extend storage time & develop delectable unique flavors. This method has provided the Korean people with much needed vitamin C during harsh winters. The origin traces back many centuries. Kimchi is enjoyed at various stages of maturity, depending on personal preference or as the recipe requires. It can be eaten immediately after preparation as in (gut-jeol-yee) or, matured up to 2 years (mook-eun-ji). This storage has occur in an optimally controlled temperature. Out of this necessity, the creative minds of the Korean ancestors came up with the method of storing kimchi in large lidded clay jars buried in the ground. The earth maintains more predictable constant cool temperature during the winter months. A tatched, tepee-shaped hut used to be specially built each year to cover over the kimchi burials. This hut provided hygienic area, away from drifting snow, dust, dirt & inquisitive animals.kimchi can be prepared using almost any vegetables. It can easily be made vegetarian. Many original recipes were purely vegetarian. Kimchis are generally made with hot spices like cayenne pepper. However, there are also as many non-spicy recipes for different occasions, seasons, & medical needs. Some of the other seasonings include salt, garlic, ginger, green onion, carrots, chestnuts, ginkgo nuts, pine nuts, etc. The principal method requires three basic elements; the kimchi's namesake vegetable; seasonings, carbohydrate elements, & protein elements. Carbohydrate element can take the form of a pinch of sugar, cooked paste using one of the following substances; rice flour, wheat flour paste, or various starches such as potato or corn. This carbohydrate element contributes to the flavor and also greatly in controlling the natural fermentation process. The protein element is where some unexpected ingredients can enter. This element can be omitted if necessary. However, when added, the element can provide a worthy richness to the complex complete flavors of kimchi. It also provide a source for much needed amino acids. Protein elements can range anywhere from various seafood essences, to oyster, shrimp, squid, octopus, even raw meat (freshly, & properly processed of course). Small amount goes a long way. Protein is only a small part of kimchi. 
      •  Kimch tsigae in general requires pleasantly fermented kimchi rather than fresh kimchi. It offers an acidic edge coming from the fermentation process. This refreshing acidic bite is rounded by the richness from pork  in the stew as it boils away in a clay pot or a dolsot. Kimchi tsigae is usually served piping hot so that it continues to bubble as it is served on the table, providing audio, visual, gustatory pleasure.
      • Kimchi certainly can be made without strong seasoning such as cayenne, garlic, ginger. These mild delicate versions are often found in Buddhist temples. They are also made for people who enjoy mild flavors (sometimes for young children who have not exposed to hot spices, the elderly, patients with diet orders that require mild food for gastric conditions such as ulcers, crohn's, for instance)





       

      "Is Korean food generally low in fat?"

       

      Yes! In general, Korean dishes are low in fat. With that being said, one can certainly find individual items on Korean menus that may be relatively high in fat but the majority of recipes are low in fat, low in saturated fat, low in cholesterol, high in vitamins, high in fiber, most importantly high in flavor. Traditional cooking methods contribute to the Korean food's reputation of being low fat. Some of these methods include fresh salad-making, steaming, boiling, blanching, sauteing, stir-frying, dehydrating, barbecuing, braising, pickling, and certainly kimchi-making. Frying is also a part of Korean cooking but very few recipes require deep frying. Most fried Korean foods involve pan frying instead of deep frying, which requires much more oil and leaves more retained fat in the finished food. Vegetable oils were costly before the development of modern farming methods & mechanized efficient processing of oils, and therefore recipes were made to include fats sparingly. However, one does still need to consider the salt content of Korean food. Preservation of food for long-term in the lack of modern refrigeration had always been a challenge in many cultures in the past. All the cultures of the world have invented & employed various food preservation methods. Korean culture relied mostly on salting of food, as did the Japanese culture. They salted foods in the form of kimchi-making and pickling to preserve foods for cold and severe winter months when food became traditionally scarce. Kimchi-making is a very cleaver way to preserve foods as it utilizes the beneficial effect of fermentation. Fermentation prevent food spoilage by controlling and effectively utilizing naturally occurring microorganisms to do the work, making the food last longer, easier to digest, and most importantly giving intriguing flavor complexities. This same mechanism was utilized in other cultures as well in sake, wine, beer, cheese, and miso making for instance. Predominant pickling method in Korea traditionally has been simple salt pickling. This took several forms; salt pickling, say-sauce pickling, gochoojang (cayenne pepper paste) pickling, doenjang(soy bean paste) pickling, & less frequently salt-vinegar pickling (which is more common in western pickling). Interestingly, traditional Korean recipes rarely employed smoking as preservation methods as did many northern European cultures did. Modern Korean cooking has evolved to reduce its sodium content of the traditional recipes & are even healthier than the traditional recipes.  


      "I enjoy Korean food very much and frequently eat at Korean restaurants. One of my favorite dishes is "dwen jan jigae" (not sure if I am spelling that correctly) but essentially it is soybean paste soup. Delicious. However, I find that many restaurants place some sort of seafood in the dish, even though when the item is listed in the menu without ever mentioning seafood. I've found, for example, a s single mussel or single clam in my soybean paste soup. It ruins the flavor as far as I am concerned. Are there different words in Korean to indicate when this soup includes seafood and when it does not? "
      Thank you for your question. Tchigaes are stews. They are usually made with predetermined base broth or stock, which then is flourished by cornucopia of vegetables, seasonings, and main protein ingredients of choice (meat, fish, beans-Doenjan).  There  are two sources of  your concern; one being the broth, and the other, added protein elements. Many Korean restaurants both in Korea & in the US use dried anchovy based stock. This stock is clear, lightly golden yellow, & delicate. The stock is at times made richer by addition of radish, sea kelp, dried shrimp. I know, I know! The anchovy thing. It isn't the anchovy that you imagine. These are not the more familiar salted, olive-oil packed Italian style anchovies (For the record, I love these Italian anchovies). The anchovies used in many Asian cuisine for stock are wild caught, freshly cleaned &  steamed, then quickly dried. When you make stock with them, it actually gives a profound flavor with no fishy taste at all. A kind of like a walk through a kelp forest in your scuba gear! OK. You get the picture. Anchovies very inexpensive, plentiful, and geographically ubiquitous. Therefore, many poor nations in Asia developed recipes involving anchovy stock. This is also why many Korean homes & restaurants use anchovy stock. In continuation with this seafood base flavor of anchovy stock, many restaurants also add mussels (usually cultivated green lip muscles) or clams, as well as a wonderful array of vegetables. This, in fact, is the second source of seafood in Doenjangtchigae. Food is a kind of like your spouse. It is a whole package with his/her wonderful characteristics & annoying habits and all. Therefore, it is not always easy to ask to alter the traditional recipes in a Korean restaurant. Obviously, traditional recipes are a kind of like our DNA, it evolved over many years to reflect periods of dirt-poor hardship & also periods of bounty. Anchovies have been providing many poor populations with their much-needed protein at a very low cost for millennia. Thankfully, Korean restaurants don't usually have time to ponder on the philosophies of food like I do.
      So, you can just ask them. Most restaurants will accommodate your wishes with no hesitation & with pleasure. Fortunately, these restaurants also have ready made beef stock for their Yukgaejang, Galbitang. So, all they have to do is put beef stock instead of anchovy stock, and leave out the seafood items. If they are the kind of people that go above and beyond, they may throw in a few pieces of beef or bulgogi into your DoenJangTchigae.
      Remember, Korea is very mountainous and many regions were isolated, forcing them develop different variations of same recipe using what's available in the area. There are many other recipes using beef, seafood, vegetarian, or even pork.
      There are two restaurant in Chicago area that serve beef based Doenjangtchigae. I can e-mail you the names of those restaurants. Happy Eating!!!!


      Transliteration; Doenjang Tchigae
      *DoenJang; fermented & aged soybeen paste; Jang (paste, savory, salt & fermented soy bean paste in the consistence of peanut butter), Traditional Korean Doenjang's texture is akin to that of crunch peanut butter as the tranditional Korean DoenJangs were not ground up to a paste. Rather, one can see the remnant shapes of disintegrating (from natural fermentation) soy been pieces, giving it a more rustic texture. In modern commercially available DoenJang preparations, the bean pieces are ground up to appear more like the Japanese Miso. The more fluid & thin texture of Miso & commercial Korean Doenjang results from this extra processing.
      *Tchigae; stew, usually with predetermined base broth or stock, which then is flourished by cornucopia of vegetables, seasonings, and main protein ingredients of choice (meat, fish, beans-Doenjang).




      "Bi-bim-bob; Would you recommend vegetarian dol-sot bi-bim-bop?"

      Thank you for the question!
      Yes! Yes! Yes! & Yes! By all means, the original farmers rice versions of Bi-bim-bob were almost always vegetarian, using such toppings as farmed vegetables & wild vegetables in season, wild & cultivated mushrooms, seaweed, various dried vegetables (re-hydrated, cooked & seasoned). These delectable & flavorful vegetables were then mixed in a big Yang-poon with Go-choo Jang sauce (cayenne pepper paste) & spoonfuls of rustic home made Doenjang Tsi-gae(soybean paste soup) for added flavor & ease of mixing. Traditionally in farming families, male members were generally served first & separately in individual serving dishes, in descending chronological order(Grandfather, then, father, eldest son, other sons). Then, female members would sit around the big Yang-poon & eat together directly out of the Yang-poon.
      In early spring, the vegetarian version farmers rice would include newly sprouting wild vegetables such as wild ferns, various wild aster plants, angelica tree shoots, green brier shoots, burning bush shoots, and wild gooseberry shoots, day lily shoots, just to name a few. This used to supply much needed vitamins after long winter months & sustain people until new cultivated produce comes in season in warmer months.
      Dried wild vegetables were also  recurrent ingredients in Bi-bim-bob. Wild vegetables are harvested early spring in the ubiquitous mountains of Korea. They were, then, cleaned, steamed, and sun & wind dried out in the open. They are bunched up in small buns & tightly bound in large fistfuls. They store these dried vegetable balls in a cool well-aerated place. They can keep in this form for many months even for years. This type of dried vegetables are also main ingredients in more specialized austere vegetarian cookery of Buddhist temples. Buddhist cooking prohibits all meats or fish. It also avoids strong spices such as garlic & cayenne pepper. Their vegetarian Bi-bim-bobs are milder, delicate, but still full of flavors. Seasonings are usually restricted to salt, soy sauce, miso, toasted sesame seeds or oil, toasted parilla seeds or oil, other vegetable oils, pine nuts, other nuts, and honey when sweetness is necessary.

      "Dolsot Bibimbob; Introduction"

      Transliteration;
      *Dol
      ; stone
      *Sot; pot
      *Bibim; mixing
      *Bob; cooked rice
      Translation Alternatives:
      **DolSot BiBimBob;
      **Sizzling Bibimbob in stone pot**Sizzling Korean rice with vegetable toppings in stone pot**Sizzling Mixing rice in stone pot
      **Sizzling Korean farmer's Rice in stone pot
      Menu Entry:DolSot BiBimBob; Steamed rice with various savory vegetable toppings in sizzling stone pot; comes with your choice of vegetarian, meat, or seafood items; spicy Gochoojang sauce & soup on the side; enjoy mixing & blending of exotic healthy flavors in spicy sauce with unexpected textural pleasure from the crunchy, toasted, nutty rice crust on the bottom.
      Gochoojang sauce;
      *"Gochoo"; pepper, cayenne pepper to be precise),
      *"jang"; sauce, condiment, dip, paste; basic ingredients; cayenne pepper, wheat malt, syrup (rice or corn syrup), some regions add DoenJang (miso; fermented soybean) powder .
      *Since the base Gochoojang sauce is thick like that of peanut butter, for BiBimBob, Gochoojang is diluted for ease of incorporation & handling. Dilution is usually made with water, vinegar, sugar/syrup, & chef's secret ingredients like Sprite or Seven up.
      Soup on the side; depending on the restaurant the soup can be different. In general it is simple broth based soup. The soup is included so that you can wash the BiBimBob down with savory liquid, in between chewing & swallowing of BiBimBob. You can also spoon some of the liquid into BiBimBob to facilitate mixing & adding extra flavors.
      *radish & beef broth soup with green onion sprinkle
      *simple egg drop soup in beef broth with green onion sprinkles
      *simple & mild vegetable miso soup with green onion sprinkles; this can add rustic flavor to BiBimBob if added.
      Reference to BiBimBob as farmer's rice: Some food historians explain that the origin of BiBimBob comes from the practical practice of poor farmers for several centuries. Times were hard for most farmers due to unpredictable weather, drought, flood, & inhospitable small pieces of land or share cropping situation combined with large family to feed. BiBimBob provided a cleaver method to utilize left over produce, cultivated & wild vegetables in season, what small amount of meat or protein they had on hand. Whatever cooked rice, or barley, or rice & barley combination they had on hand was placed in a very large bowl. Then, large amount of seasonal toppings were placed on top to expand the small amount of relative expensive rice. This helped family members nourished with much needed vitamins and still feel the satiety. Then, protein items, usually eggs from their chickens, & if available beef or seafood. Then Gochoojang sauce, sesame oil were drizzled on top. Female member of the family prepares & finishes by mixing the toppings thoroughly with rice. Then, they the entire family would sit around this large bowl and eat out of the bowl. In the meanwhile, aristocrats, & more affluent classes developed different toppings & serving methods. Regional variations also added to the complexity of BiBimBob. At selected restaurants, the more authentic farmers' version of BiBimBob is offered under the titles "Yangpoon BiBimBob" or "Yangpoon Boribob". "Yangpoon" is big bowl; "yang" in this case denotes the west in the belief that this type of metal namely aluminum bowl originated in a western country somewhere, loosely meaning the USA. Yang-eun ("western silver",aluminum) wares, especially Yanpoons were very inexpensive & affordable even for famers. So, Yangpoon is American Style Aluminum Big Bowl. "Boribob" is also a combination word. Bori is barley, as in Bori-Cha, the ubiquitous roasted barley tea offered free of charge in many Korean restaurants. Bob is, as mentioned before, cooked rice.